![]() Oil works as a conditioning agent that protects the strands against friction. To minimize these effects there’s an effective technique that nurtures the hair and keeps the proteins inside the strands: pre-poo. This strips the hair strands from the natural oil that nurtures and protects the hair allowing it to loose strength along the way. Cleaning agents in the shampoo along with its pH create a lifting effect for the cuticles. The shampoo’s purpose is to clean product residue, extra oils, and dirt off the scalp. It comes from the term pre-shampoo and it’s an extra step in the hair care regimen that protects the strands from drying out due to shampoo. Sci.Pre-poo means preparing the hair before you shampoo. Zhang, J., Tang, J.J., Zhang, J.X.: Polyols prepared from ring-opening epoxidized soybean oil by a castor oil-based fatty diol. Zajcew, M.: The hydrogenation of fatty oils with palladium catalyst. Yusuf, A., Mamza, P., Ahmed, A., Agunwa, U.: Extraction and characterization of castor seed oil From wild Ricinus communis Linn. Meller, E., Green, U., Aizenshtat, Z., Sasson, Y.: Catalytic deoxygenation of castor oil over Pd/C for the production of cost effective biofuel. ![]() William Andrew, Oxford (2015)Īlwaseem, H., Donahue, C.J., Marincean, S.: Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of castor oil. Madbouly, S., Zhang, C., Kessler, M.R.: Bio-based plant oil polymers and composites. Šmidovnik, A., Štimac, A., Kobe, J.: Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of soybean oil. Shrirame, H.Y., Panwar, N., Bamniya, B.: Castor oil hydrogenation by a catalytic hydrogen transfer system using limonene as hydrogen donor. Martinelli, M., de Souza Schneider, R.D., Baldissarelli, V.Z., von Holleben, M.L., Caramão, E.B.: Glycerol as solvent and hydrogen donor in transfer hydrogenation-dehydrogenation reactions. Wolfson, A., Dlugy, C., Shotland, Y., Tavor, D.: Catalytic transfer hydrogenations of olefins in glycerol. Tavor, D., Popov, S., Dlugy, C., Wolfson, A.: Catalytic transfer hydrogenations of olefins in glycerol. Int J Adv Sci Eng Inf Technol 7, 843–849 (2017) Wiley, Hoboken (2008)įitri, H., Tatang, H.S., Subagjo, Tirto, P.: Low temperature catalytic-transfer hydrogenation of candlenut oil. Solomons, T.W.G., Fryhle, C.B.: Organic Chemistry, 10th edn. Salimon, J., Noor, D.A.M., Nazrizawati, A., Firdaus, M.M., Noraishah, A.: Fatty Acid composition and physicochemical properties of malaysian castor bean Ricinus communis L. Peña, R., Romero, R., Martínez, S.L., Ramos, M.J., Martínez, A., Natividad, R.: Transesterification of castor oil: effect of catalyst and co-solvent. Gilbert, E.: The unique chemistry of castor oil. Patel, V.R., Dumancas, G.G., Viswanath, L.C.K., Maples, R., Subong, B.J.J.: Castor oil: properties, uses, and optimization of processing parameters in commercial production. Mutlu, H., Meier, M.A.: Castor oil as a renewable resource for the chemical industry. Mubofu, E.B.: Castor oil as a potential renewable resource for the production of functional materials. Therefore, it was proven that, the glycerol can be used as the hydrogen donor for the castor oil for a catalytic transfer hydrogenation reaction. The melting point of the hydrogenated castor oil is 65 ☌ and the melting point of castor oil is − 7 ☌. The increment in melting point value and the absence of C=C peak (1655.79 cm −1) from FTIR spectrum shows that the catalytic transfer hydrogenation successfully occurred. The result from FTIR along with the melting point shows the formation of hydrogenated castor oil from this reaction. A direct heating apparatus connected with a reflux system was used for this experiment. To prove whether glycerol can be one of the hydrogen donors like limonene that is commonly used, the research started by using pure glycerol as the hydrogen donor and as a control to determine the protocol. The reaction occurred at the reaction temperature of 178 ☌ for an hour. A catalytic transfer hydrogenation of castor oil using glycerol-based is a process of adding hydrogen to the castor oil to produce hydrogenated castor oil with the addition of 10% Pd/C as the catalyst and glycerol as a hydrogen donor.
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